From the 1980s on, states have adopted neoliberal economic policies across the world. In the urban sphere, these policies brought privatization, loss of public spaces, and gentrification. They also retreated from affordable housing provision. Mass housing, a method of production rather than a means to reform, largely replaced social housing in this time period, and its ties to politics have diminished. Unregulated housing markets left masses of people vulnerable and informal settlements have expanded. Turkey reflected these global trends, but local factors have been also influential: the military coup in 1980, which disrupted parliamentary democracy; the refugee crises in the region and rural migration; and the rise of political Islam. Finally, following consequent victories in mayoral and national elections, in 2002 the ruling Islamist party spearheaded an ambitious nationwide construction program, made possible with the restructuring of the Mass Housing Administration. This lecture covers the major cornerstones and key examples in the history of social housing in Turkey during the post-1980 period. Examples illustrate how large-scale housing projects, with layouts similar to the social housing units built in earlier decades, were mobilized to serve a different purpose: the displacement of the urban poor to the city margins and opening space for development. Most of these building programs adopted social housing as a tool for managing urban poverty rather than curing it.
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