This lecture gives an overview of the archaeological research on a number of sites across Southern Africa over the last century, and presents the evidence of human flows, settlement traces and technological shifts from around 175 000 to 25 000 BCE. The sites are located on coastal shelves as well as inland in areas conducive to both settlement and mobility. It discusses what is known about inhabiting these sites in terms of their orientations to, for instance, water, exposure, weather, animals, their migration routes and landscapes, and plant and mineral resources. This early record suggests the existence of a diversity of shelter types, as well as specialized sites and base camps.
It reiterates from L1 that there were significant climate changes over this period that opened and closed access to sites. It also discusses some theories out of Africa migration that place that event at a time after humans exhibited modern cognitive behavior. The nature of the becoming-modern humans can be read as a process of adapting to diverse landscapes and developing ways to extend the reach of groups as they gathered and managed its resources.
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